Models and Methods for Network Selection and Balancing in Heterogeneous Scenarios

The outbreak of 5G technologies for wireless communications can be considered a response to the need for widespread coverage, in terms of connectivity and bandwidth, to guarantee broadband services, such as streaming or on-demand programs offered by the main television networks or new generation services based on augmented and virtual reality (AR / VR). The purpose of the study conducted for this thesis aims to solve two of the main problems that will occur with the outbreak of 5G, that is, the search for the best possible connectivity, in order to offer users the resources necessary to take advantage of the new generation services, and multicast as required by the eMBMS. The aim of the thesis is the search for innovative algorithms that will allow to obtain the best connectivity to offer users the resources necessary to use the 5G services in a heterogeneous scenario. Study UF that allows you to improve the search for the best candidate network and to achieve a balance that allows you to avoid congestion of the chosen networks. To achieve these two important focuses, I conducted a study on the main mathematical methods that made it possible to select the network based on QoS parameters based on the type of traffic made by users. A further goal was to improve the computational computation performance they present. Furthermore, I carried out a study in order to obtain an innovative algorithm that would allow the management of multicast. The algorithm that has been implemented responds to the needs present in the eMBMS, in realistic scenarios

Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection in human and pigs in Sardinia, Italy

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in humans sera and to study HEV prevalence in swine from different Sardinian farms, testing viral HEV-RNA in bile samples. Methods. In the first six months of 2008, 532 subjects of whom 402 blood donors and 130 workers at zoonotic risk, were enrolled. Anti-HEV were determined with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In positive subjects, RNA was extracted and tested by RT-Nested-PCR. From July 2006 to March 2007, 95 bile samples were collected from randomly selected pigs. RNA was extracted from 250 ?l of bile and tested by RT-Nested-PCR. Results. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies was 4.3%; 5.0% among blood donors and 2.3% among workers at zoonotic risk, with no statistically significant differences between sex, age classes and occupation. The search for HEV-RNA in the subjects positive for antibodies, gave negative results. HEV genome was detected in 6 of the 95 swine bile samples tested. Sequences were clustered within the genotype 3 and are edited on GenBank under accession number: from FJ850960 to FJ850962 and from FJ883000 to FJ883002. Discussion. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV shows that the virus circulates without giving origin to cases of acute hepatitis. The low prevalence value found in workers at zoonotic risk do not apparently support the hypothesis of professional risk. In this study, HEV-RNA was isolated from pigs in Sardinia for the first time confirming the role of swine as HEV reservoir and the possibility of virus transmission to humans

Real-time load optimization for multimedia delivery content over heterogeneuos wireless network using a MEW approach

The significant increment in the number of users that need broadband multimedia system, relative radio resources, and the evolution of the devices has encouraged to search for different methods to manage heterogeneous wireless networks. One solution to this problem is to make traffic balancing on heterogeneous networks, so that none of the available networks for a given user will be saturated avoiding performance decay. This paper proposes a novel Multiplicative Exponential Weighting (MEW) approach that manages the access network selection. MEW combines several inputs such as power of the received signal, throughput, packet delay, cost-per-user, the requested type of traffic, and type of device. The obtained results have shown an improvement of 15% in average PSNR, and 20% in terms of delay and throughput, compared to the algorithms presented in the literature

Additive Logarithmic Weighting for Balancing Video Delivery Over Heterogeneous Networks

The demand of media delivery services has increased with the popularity of social media and with the evolution of the user's devices (i.e., smartphones, laptops, and tablets) pushing towards new contents distribution models. The coexistence of go-live and on-demand media content requires a combined broadcast/unicast delivery model with the efficient management of the wireless access as a key issue. A twofold target needs to be reached: optimizing the load balance among coexisting networks and offering adequate quality of service (QoS) to users. To achieve this target for mobile video service delivery over heterogeneous networks (HetNet) scenarios, this paper proposes a solution based on an additive logarithmic weighting (ALOW) algorithm combining received signal power, network load, packet delay, user's equipment, and user's credit budget. ALOW is optimized by means of a cooperative game theory (GATH) approach. The proposed solution, named ALOWGATH (i.e., ALOW + GATH), has been tested on realistic HetNet scenarios and compared to the state of the art of the network selection and balancing algorithms. Results show an improved performance in terms of throughput, satisfaction index and overall video quality delivered, with reduced computational complexity

A Traffic Type-based Differentiated Reputation Algorithm for Radio Resource Allocation during Multi-service Content Delivery in 5G Heterogeneous Scenarios

The next-generation network environment is expected to include the networks of diverse types, associated with heterogeneous performance. At the same time, this heterogeneous network environment will be used to deliver various services with different requirements. In order to support high quality of experience for the users' availing from these services, there is a need for a solution to the complex problem of selecting the appropriate network support for each user service type. This paper introduces the network Traffic tYpe-based DifferEntiated Reputation (TYDER) solution, which differentiates the data delivery process according to its type. TYDER considers network reputation in the context of traffic type requirements in order to increase the delivery performance for the data exchanged. The Comparative testing involving four traffic categories, including video, gaming, browsing, and the Internet of Things, showed how TYDER outperforms a classic solution in terms of major performance metrics

Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A patent review

Breakpoint cluster region Abelson (Bcr-Abl) tyrosine kinase (TK) is a constitutively activated cytoplasmic TK and is the underlying cause of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). To date, imatinib represents the frontline treatment for CML therapy. The development of resistance has prompted the search for novel Bcr-Abl inhibitors. Areas covered: This review presents a short overview of drugs already approved for CML therapy and of the compds. that are in clin. trials. The body of the article deals with Bcr-Abl inhibitors patented since 2008, focusing on their chem. features. Expert opinion: The search for Bcr-Abl inhibitors is very active. We believe that a no. of patented compds. could enter clin. trials and some could be approved for CML therapy in the next few years. Overall, Bcr-Abl inhibitors constitute a very appealing research field that can be expected to expand further

A 5G cellular technology for distributed monitoring and control in smart grid

In Smart Grids the flow of electricity and information is strictly interrelated with the management and control of the electricity supply system. ICT is not only an extension or a modernization of the power system equipment, but a fundamental requirement for supporting the distribution network monitoring, operation and control. To enable monitoring and control of the Smart Grid and accommodate the large realtime data flow between controlled equipment and the distribution management system it is necessary the deployment of advanced sensors and measurement systems along with the communication network infrastructure. In this paper two different strategies for power network monitoring and control are compared: an LTE-based centralized management approach and a 5G-based distributed management approach. The two types of communications systems are compared considering their performances during fault management in a Smart Grid scenario

VIRTUALENERGY: A project for testing ICT for virtual energy management

This paper aims to present the ideas behind a research project that has been recently financed by the European Regional Development Fund POR FESR Sardegna 2014-2020 under the call “Cluster top-down actions" program of the Sardinian Region. This project proposes the implementation of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) model in the distribution network based on the integration among the power system, the control system and communication system. The VPP is obtained by clustering distributed energy resources thanks to Internet of Things technologies and Cloud systems to develop a system of aggregation, coordination and optimization of distributed energy resources able to monitor and the power absorbed by electrical users and provide dispatching/flexibility services to the electricity distributor

Multimedia Multicast Services in 5G Networks: Subgrouping and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques

The expected growth in mobile video demand over broadband cellular networks is one of the key factors driving the wireless industry to develop the fifth generation of network technology. This scenario is fueling the need for group-oriented services (i.e., multicast and broadcast) in order to efficiently manage the radio resources, and consequently grant different groups of users simultaneous access to the same multimedia content with differentiated quality of service. The evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS), standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project, is one of the technologies likely to be extended to 5G systems with the aim of addressing point-to-multipoint services. In addition, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques are also being considered as a driver to increase the efficient use of the spectrum in multi-user environments with asymmetric data delivery. The present article proposes the joint use of subgrouping multicast techniques and NOMA in an eMBMS-like scenario. Performance is evaluated in envisaged 5G environments, where different quality video services are delivered to a group of users interested in the same contents